Dialekto-berdintzeari Lezamatik begira: adinaren, generoaren eta hizkuntz jarreren garrantziaz [Mirando a la nivelación dialectal desde Lezama: sobre la importancia de la edad, género y actitudes lingüísticas]

Palabras clave: sociolingüística, nivelación dialectal, actitudes lingüísticas, Asimilación de la Vocal Baja

Resumen

Se ha demostrado que las variantes regionalmente marcadas están perdiéndose a favor de formas con un uso más amplio. Este fenómeno, denominado nivelación dialectal, es común en el euskera, en particular a causa del euskera estándar. Este artículo busca analizar la distribución social de la Asimilación de la Vocal Baja (AVB) en el habla de Lezama según la edad, género y actitudes lingüísticas. Los resultados muestran que el efecto de la edad y el género es significativo en tiempo aparente, pero sugieren que la solidaridad hacia la población y el habla local es el factor más significativo para explicar la distribución de la AVB en Lezama.

Estadísticas

461
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Referencias

Al-Wer, E., Horesh, U., Alammar, D., Alaodini, H., Al-Essa, A., Al-Hawamdeh, A., Al-Qahtani, K. & Ab Hussain, A. (2020). Probing linguistic change in Arabic vernaculars: A sociohistorical perspective. Language in Society, 49, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404520000706

Andersen, H. (1988). Center and periphery: adoption, diffusion, and spread. In J. Fisiak (arg.), Historical dialectology: Regional and social (39.-83. or.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110848137.39

Amorrortu, E. (2001). Unibertsitate-ikasleen euskalki eta batuarekiko jarrerak. In J. Goikoetxea (arg.), Euskalkia eta hezkuntza (61.-80. or.). Bilbo: Mendebalde Euskal Kultura Alkartea.

Amorrortu, E. (2003). Hizkuntza aldakortasuna eta identitatea. In I. Gaminde, J. Goikoetxea & I. Sarriugarte (arg.), Ahozkotasuna aztergai (15 7.-16 7. o r.). B i lbo: Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea.

Ariztimuño, B. (2010). Tolosako eta Ataungo hizkerak: Hizkuntz bariazioa eta konbergentzia joerak. Uztaro, 72, 79-96. https://doi.org/10.26876/uztaro.72.2010.4

Artzelus, A. (2019). Garaziko hizkuntza-aldakortasuna geografiaren, adinaren eta generoaren arabera. FLV, 127, 153-188. https://doi.org/10.35462/FLV127.5

Auer, P. (1998). Dialect levelling and standard varieties in Europe. Folia Linguistica, 32, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1515/flin.1998.32.1-2.1

Auer, P. & Hinskens, F. (1996). The convergence and divergence of dialects in Europe. New and not so new developments in an old area. Sociolinguistica, 10, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110245158.1

Auer, P. & Hinskens, F. (2005). The role of interpersonal accommodation in a theory of language change. In P. Auer, F. Hinskens & P. Kerswill (arg.), Dialect change: Convergence and divergence in European languages (335.-357. or.). Cambridge: Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486623.015

Aurrekoetxea, G. (2004). Estandar eta dialektoen arteko bateratze-joerak (ikuspuntu teorikotik begirada bat). Uztaro, 50, 45 -5 7.

Aurrekoetxea, G. (2006). Hizkuntza estandarraren eta dialektoen arteko bateratze joerak. ASJU, 40(1-2), 133 -159.

Aurrekoetxea, G. (2010). Sociolinguistic and geolinguistic variation in the Basque language. Slavia Centralis, 3(1), 88-100. https://doi.org/10.17161/scn.1808.7328

Aurrekoetxea, G., Gaminde, I., Ormaetxea, J. L. & Videgain, X. (2019). Euskalkien sailkapen berria. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.

Bates, D, Maechler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01

Bellmann, G. (1998). Between base dialect and standard language. Folia Linguistica,32, 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1515/flin.1998.32.1-2.23

Bidart, A. & Etxebarria, A. (2003). Lezamako toponimia. Bilbo: Labayru.

Birdsong, D., Gertken, L. M. & Amengual, M. (2012). Bilingual language profile: An easy-to-use instrument to assess bilingualism. Texas: The Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning, Texasko Unibertsitatea Austinen.

Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. Chicago: Chicagoko Unibertsitatea.

Boberg, C. (2004). Real and apparent time in language change: late adoption of changes in Montreal English. American Speech, 79(3), 250-269. https://doi. org/10.1215/00031283-79-3-250

Borrego-Nieto, J. (1981). Sociolingüística rural. Investigación en Villadepera de Sayago. Salamanca: Salamancako Unibertsitatea.

Camino, I. (2009). Dialektologiatik euskalkietara tradizioan gaindi. Donostia: Elkar.

deCastro-Arrazola, V., Cavirani, E., Linke, K. & Torres-Tamarit, F. (2015). A typological study of vowel interactions in Basque. Isogloss, 1(2), 147-177. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.19

Cenoz, J. (2001) Basque in Spain and France. In G. Extra & D. Gorter (arg.), The other languages of Europe (45.-57. or.). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Chambers, J. (1995). Sociolinguistic theory. Oxford: Blackwell.

Cheshire, J. (2002). Sex and gender in variation research. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estes (arg.), The handbook of language variation and change (423.-443. or.). Oxford: Blackwell.

Cheshire, J., Gillett, A., Kerswill, P. & Williams, A. (1999). The role of adolescents in dialect levelling. Ekonomia eta Gizartea Ikertzeko Biltzarrari bidalitako Azken Txostena, 1999ko ekaina.

Clarke, S. (1982). Sampling attitudes to dialect varieties in St. John’s. In H. J. Paddock (arg.), Languages in Newfoundland and Labrador (2. arg.) (90.-105. or.). St. John’s: Memorial University of Newfoundland.

Clarke, S. (1991). Phonological variation and recent language change in St. John’s English. In J. Cheshire (arg.), English around the world: Sociolinguistic perspectives (109.-122. or.). Cambridge: Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511611889.008

Cukor-Avila, P. & Bailey, G. (2013). Real time and apparent time. In J. Chambers & N. Schilling (arg.), The handbook of language variation and change (2. arg.) (239.-262. or.). Malden: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118335598.ch11

Del Amo Castro, I. A. (2019). Lo que suena en Gaztea Irratia. Origen, evolución e influencia social de la emisora musical pública vasca. Zer, 24(47), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.20619

Denis, D., Hunt Gardner, M., Brook, M. & Tagliamonte, S. (2019). Peaks and arrowheads of vernacular reorganization. Language Variation and Change, 31, 43-67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095439451900005X

Dorleijn, M. & Nortier, J. (2013). Multiethnolects: Kebabnorsk, Perkerdansk, Verlan, Kanakensprache, Straattaal, etc. In P. Bakker & Y. Matras (arg.), Contact languages: A comprehensive guide (229.-272. or.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614513711.229

Douglass, W. A. (1976). Serving girls and sheepherders: Emigration and continuity in a Spanish Basque village. In J. B. Aceves & W. A. Douglass (arg.), The changing faces of rural Spain (45.-62. or.). New York: John Wiley.

Eckert, P. (1988). Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change. Language in Society, 17, 183-207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500012756

Eckert, P. (1989). Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the High School. New York: Teachers College Press.

Eckert, P. (1997). Age as a sociolinguistic variable. In F. Coulmas (arg.), The handbook of sociolinguistics (151.-167. or.). Malden: Blackwell.

Echeverria, B. (2003a). Language ideologies and practices in (en)gendering the Basque nation. Language in Society, 32, 383- 413. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503323048

Echeverria, B. (2003b). Schooling, language and ethnic identity in the Basque Autonomous Community. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34, 351- 62. https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2003.34.4.351

Echeverria, B. (2005). Language attitudes in San Sebastian: The Basque vernacular as challenge to Spanish language hegemony. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 26(3), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630508668407

Egurtzegi, A. & San Martin, I. (d.g.). Morfema mugetako hots aldaketak Zaldibarko euskaran: Azterketa akustikoa [Argitaratzeko aurkeztutako eskuidatzia].

Eguskiza, N. (2019). Hizkuntza aldakortasun geo-linguistikoa Arratian (doktore-tesia). UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz. https://addi.ehu.es/handle/10810/33204 helbidetik berreskuratua.

Eisikovits, E. (1988). Girl-talk/boy-talk: Sex differences in adolescent speech. In P. Collins & D. Blair (arg.), Australian English (35.-54. or.). St Lucia: Queenslandgo Unibertsitatea.

Elordieta, G. & Romera, M. (2021). The influence of social factors on the prosody of Spanish in contact with Basque. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(1), 286-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006920952867

Elordui, A. (2016). Elebakartasunetik heteroglosiara: Gaztea, bernakulizazioa gaztekomunikabideen diseinu sozioestilistikoan. Uztaro, 97, 31-52. https://doi.org/10.26876/uztaro.97.2016.3

Ensunza, A. (2015) Busturialdeko euskararen hizkuntza-aldakortasuna denboran eta espazioan (doktore-tesia). UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz. https://addi.ehu.eus/handle/10810/16701 helbidetik berreskuratua.

Ensunza, A. (2016). The linguistic variation of palatalization: The case of Gernika-Lumo. Dialectologia, 16, 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1344/dialectologia2015.16.4

Ensunza, A. (2019). The influence of standard Basque in Busturialdea: Demonstrative pronouns. Dialectologia, 22, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1344/dialectologia2018.22.2

Erker, D. (2017a). The limits of named language varieties and the role of social salience in dialectal contact: The case of Spanish in the United States. Language and Linguistic Compass, 11(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12232

Erker, D. (2017b). Contact, co-variation and sociolinguistic salience: What Mister Rogers knows about language change. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers, 23(2), 68-77.

Etxebarria, M. (2000). Variación sociolingüística en una comunidad bilingüe. Bilbo: UPV/EHU.

Eusko Jaurlaritza. (2013). V. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.

Eusko Jaurlaritza. (2016). VI. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.

Euskaltzaindia. (2010). Euskal Herri Hizkeren Atlasa (EHHA). Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.

EUSTAT. (2020a). Etxebizitzen prezioa eta beharra. https://eu.eustat.eus/estadisticas/tema_444/opt_0/tipo_1/temas.html helbidetik berreskuratua

EUSTAT. (2020b). Lezamako datu estatistikoak. https://eu.eustat.eus/municipal/datos_estadisticos/lezama.html helbidetik berreskuratua

Fernández-Ulloa, T. (1997). Lenguas en contacto: caracterización del castellano del País Vasco y actitudes hacia la lengua. In J. M. Oro Cabanas & J. Varela Zapata (arg.), Actas del I 55 Congreso Internacional «Adquisición y aprendizaje de lenguas segundas y sus literaturas» (199.-214. or.). Lugo: Santiago de Compostelako Unibertsitatea.

Flemming, E. (1995). Phonetic detail in phonology: Evidence from assimilation and coarticulation. Proceedings of the South Western Optimality Theory Workshop, 5, 39-50.

Fishman, J. (1991). Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Frazer, T. (1983). Sound change and social structure in a rural community. Language in Society, 12(3), 313-328. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500009969

Foulkes, P. & Docherty, G. (2006). The social life of phonetics and phonology. Journal of Phonetics, 34, 409-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2005.08.002

Gaindegia. (2014). Biztanleen mugikortasuna lurgune euskaldunean. https://www.uema.eus/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/6.-EGUNEROKO_MUGIKORTASUNA.pdf helbidetik berreskuratua.

Gaminde, I. (2006). Lezama berbarik berba. Bilbo: Erroteta.

Gaminde, I. (2007). Bizkaieraren irudiaz. Ikastorratza, 1, 1-15.

Gaminde, I. & Romero, A. (2011). Genero eta adina Bermeoko berbaldiaren fonemen eta hotsen frekuentzian. FLV, 113, 115-138.

Gaminde, I., Olalde, A., Etxebarria, A., Eguskiza, N. & Gaminde, U. (2018). Hizkuntza aldakortasuna Larrabetzun. Larrabetzu: Larrabetzuko Udala.

García Mouton, P. (2006). Mujer, dialecto y prestigio. In M. I. Sancho Rodríguez, L. Ruiz Solves & F. Gutiérrez García (arg.), Estudios sobre lengua, literatura y mujer (223.-234. or.). Jaen: Jaengo Unibertsitatea.

Gardner, N. (2000). Basque in Education in the Basque Autonomous Community. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia.

Garrett, P., Coupland, N. & Williams, A. (2003). Investigating language attitudes: Social meanings of dialect, ethnicity and performance. Cardiff: Galesko Unibertsitatea.

Garrett, P., Bishop, H. & Coupland, N. (2009). Diasporic ethnolinguistic subjectivities: Patagonia, North America, and Wales. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 195, 173-199. https://doi.org/10.1515/IJSL.2009.010

Haddican, B. (2003). Dialect contact in a Southern Basque town. Language Variation and Change, 15(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.10170S0954394503151010

Haddican, B. (2007). Suburbanization and language change in Basque. Language in Society, 36(5), 677-706. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404507070923

Haugen, E. (1966). Dialect, language, nation. American Anthropologist, 68, 922-935. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040

Hawkey, J. (2018). Language attitudes and minority rights: The case of Catalan in France. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hawkey, J. (2020). Language attitudes as predictors of morphosyntactic variation: Evidence from Catalan speakers in southern France. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 24(1), 16 -34. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12375

Hernández-Campoy, J. M. (2003). Complementary approaches to the diffusion of standard features in a local community. In J. Cheshire, D. Britain & P. Trudgill (arg.), Social dialectology: In honour of Peter Trudgill (23.-38. or.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.16.04her

Holmes, J. (1993). Women’s talk: The question of sociolinguistic universals. Australian Journal of Communication, 20, 125-149.

Hualde, J. I. (1991). Basque phonology. London: Routledge.

Hualde, J. I. & Gaminde, I. (1997). Vowel interaction in Basque: a nearly exhaustive catalogue. ASJU, 31(1), 211-245.

Hualde, J. I. & Zuazo, K. (2007). The standardization of the Basque language. Language Problems and Language Planning, 31(2), 143-168. https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.31.2.04hua

Ibáñez, M., Ortega, A., Santana, A. & Zabala, M. (1994). Casa, familia y trabajo en la historia de Bergara. Bergara: Bergarako Udala.

Jaffe, A. (2015). Defining the new speaker: theoretical perspectives and learner trajectories. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 231, 21-44. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0030

Jones, D. (1980). Gossip: Notes on women’s oral culture. In C. Kramarae (arg.), The voices and words of women and men (193.-198. or.). London: Pergamon Press.

Kerswill, P. (2002). Models of linguistic change and diffusion: new evidence from dialect levelling in British English. Reading Working Papers in Linguistics, 6, 167-216.

Kerswill, P. (2003). Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English. In J. Cheshire, D. Britain & P. Trudgill (arg.), Social dialectology: In honour of Peter Trudgill (223.-243. or.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.16.16ker

Kerswill, P. & Williams, A. (2002). Dialect recognition and speech community focussing in new and old Towns in England: The effects of dialect levelling, demographic and social networks. In D. Preston (arg.), Handbook of perceptual dialectology (173.-204. or.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.hpd2.16ker

Kirkham, S. & Moore, E. (2013). Adolescence. In J. Chambers, N. Schilling-Estes & P. Trudgill (arg.), The handbook of language variation and change (27 7.-296. or.). Oxford: Blackwell.

Kristiansen, T. (2009). The macro-level social meanings of late-modern Danish accents. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 41(1), 167-192. https://doi.org /10.1080/03740460903364219

Labov, W. (1963). The social motivation of a sound change. Word, 19, 273-309.

Labov, W. (1966). The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington: Centre for Applied Linguistics.

Labov, W. (1990). The Intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change, 2, 205-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500000338

Labov, W. (2001). Principles of linguistic change: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.

Ladegaard, H. J. (2000). Language attitudes and sociolinguistic behaviour: Exploring attitude-behaviour relations in language. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 214 -233. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00112

Lantto, H. (2018). New Basques and code-switching: Purist tendencies, social pressures. In C. Smith-Christmas, N. Ó Murchadha, M. Hornsby, & M. Moriarty (arg.), New speakers of minority languages: Linguistic ideologies and practices (165.-187. or.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57558-6_9

Lujanbio, O. (2016). Hizkuntza-aldakortasuna euskaran. Nafarroa ipar-mendebaldeko bi udalerritan egindako azterketa (doktore-tesia). Vitoria-Gasteiz: UPV/EHU. https://addi.ehu.eus/handle/10810/19581 helbidetik berreskuratua.

Maclagan, M. A., Gordon, E. & Lewis, G. (1999). Women and sound change: Conservative and innovative behavior by the same speakers. L anguage Variation and Change, 11, 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394599111025

Manterola, A. (1994). La familia tradicional de Bizkaia. Bilbo: BBK.

Marshall, J. (2004). Language change and sociolinguistics: Rethinking social networks. Edinburgo: Palgrave.

Martínez de Luna, I. & Azurmendi, M. J. (2005). Final reflections. Basque: From the present toward the future. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 174, 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.174.85

Meyerhoff, M. (2018). Introducing sociolinguistics (3. arg.). New York: Routledge.

Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1985). Linguistic change, social network and speaker innovation. Journal of Linguistics, 21, 339-384. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010306

Milroy, J., Milroy, L., Hartley, S. & Walshaw, D. (1994). Glottal stops and Tyneside glottalization: Competing patterns of variation and change in British English. Language Variation and Change, 6, 327-358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095439450000171X

Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in language: Investigating standard English (3. arg.). London: Routledge.

Milroy, L. (2002). Introduction: Mobility, contact and language change – Working with contemporary speech communities. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00174

Milroy, L. & Gordon, M. (2003). Sociolinguistics: Methods and interpretation. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.

Mulac, A., Giles, H., Bradac, J. J. & Palomares, N. A. (2013). The gender-linked language effect: an empirical test of a general process model. Language Sciences, 38, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2012.12.004

Muñoz, B. (2019). Emakumeak eta lana Ordizian, 1880-1980: genero-ikuspegi bat. Ordizia: Ordiziako Udala.

Muxika-Loitzate, O. (2017). Sibilant merger in the variety of Basque spoken in Amorebieta-Etxano. Languages, 2, 25-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2040025

Nance, C. (2015). ‘New’ Scottish Gaelic speakers in Glasgow: A phonetic study of lan-guage revitalisation. Language in Society, 44(4), 553-579. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404515000408

Oñederra, M. L. (2016). Standardisation of Basque: From grammar (1968) to pronunciation (1998). Sociolinguistica, 30(1), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1515/soci-2016-0008

Oñederra, M. L. (2019, otsailaren 14). Ahoskera arautu eta i(ra)kats al daiteke? Eta ahoskera zer? jardunaldian aurkeztutako hitzaldia, Vitoria-Gasteiz. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0tccOmIRvo helbidetik berreskuratua.

Ormaetxea, J. L. (2008). Otxandioko hizkera: Adinaren araberako bariazioa. FLV, 40, 249-262.

Ormaetxea, J. L. (2011). Apparent time variation in Basque: variation in Aramaio and Otxandio. Dialectologia, 6, 25-44.

Oppenheim, B. (1982). An exercise in attitude measurement. In G. M. Breakwell, H. Foot & R. Gilmour (arg.), Social psychology: A practical manual (38.-56. or.). London: Macmillan.

Palomares, N. A., Giles, H., Soliz, J. & Gallois, C. (2016). Intergroup accommodation, social categories, and identities. In H. Giles (arg.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts (123.-151. or.). Cambridge: Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316226537.007

Paunonen, H. (1996). Language change in apparent time and in real time. In M. Thelander (arg.), Samspel & variation: Språkliga studier tillägnade Bengt Nordberg på 60-årsdagen (375.-386. or.). Uppsala: Uppsalako Unibertsitatea.

Pérez-Izaguirre, E. (2018). ‘No, I don’t like the Basque language.’ Considering the role of cultural capital within boundary-work in Basque education. Social Sciences, 7(9), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090150

Perez Landa, E. (2006). Bokal-elkarketak beratarren hizkeran. Uztaro, 57, 49-64.

Pooley, T. (2012). Dialect levelling in Southern France. Nottingham French Studies, 46, 40-63. https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2007-2.004

R Taldea (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Viena. http://www.r-project.org helbidetik berreskuratua.

Regan, B. (2020). The split of a fricative merger due to dialect contact and societal changes: A sociophonetic study on Andalusian Spanish read-speech. L anguage Variation and Change, 32, 159-190. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394520000113

Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. (2020). New speakers of Basque: a Basque-Spanish contact approach. In L. Grenoble, P. Lane & U. Røyneland (arg.), Linguistic Minorities in Europe Online. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/lme.9967442

Romero, S. (2009). Phonological markedness, regional identity, and sex in Mayan The fricativization of intervocalic /l/ in K’iche’. In J. Stanford & D. Preston (arg.), Variation in indigenous minority languages (281.-297. or.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.25.14rom

Sankoff, G. (1980). The social life of language. Philadelphia: Pennsylvaniako Unibertsitatea.

Schilling-Estes, N. (2000). Investigating intra-ethnic differentiation: /ay/ in Lumbee Native American English. Language Variation and Change, 12, 141-174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500122021

Seale, C. (2006). Gender accommodation in online cancer support groups. Health, 10(3), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459306064495

Sloetjes, H. & Wittenberg, P. (2019). ELAN (5.8 bertsioa) [Ordenagailu softwarea].

Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Language Archive. https://archive.mpi.nl/tla/elan helbidetik berreskuratua.

Soziolinguistika Klusterra. (2017). Hizkuntzen Erabileraren Kale-Neurketa, UEMAko udalerriak eta Tolosaldea. Sarean eskuragarri: https://www.uema.eus/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Kale-neurketa2017-TXOSTENA.pdf

Soziolinguistika Klusterra. (d.g.). Euskararen datu soziolinguistikoen biltegia. Euskararen Datu-Basea. http://www.soziolinguistika.eus/edb/index.php?erakus=aurkezpena helbidetik berreskuratua.

Tagliamonte, S. (2005). So who? Like how? Just what?: Discourse markers in the conversations of young Canadians. Journal of Pragmatics, 37(11), 1896-1915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.02.017

Torgersen, E. & Kerswill, P. (2004) Internal and external motivation in phonetic change: Dialect levelling outcomes for an English vowel shift. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8(1), 23-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2004.00250.x

Troncoso-Ruiz, A. & Elordieta, G. (2017). Prosodic accommodation and salience: The nuclear contours of Andalusian Spanish speakers in Asturias. Loquens, 4(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2017.043.

Trudgill, P. (1972). Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language in Society, 1(2), 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500000488

Trudgill, P. (1986). Dialects in contact. Oxford: Blackwell.

Unamuno, L. & Aurrekoetxea, G. (2013). Dialect levelling in the Basque Country. Newcastle Working Papers in Linguistics, 19(1), 152-167.

Urla, J. (2012). Reclaiming Basque: language, nation, and cultural activism. Reno: Nevadako Unibertsitatea.

Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Ortega, A. & Goirigolzarri, J. (2017). Basque standardization and the new speaker: Political praxis and the shifting dynamics of authority and value. In P. Lane, J. Costa & H. De Korne (arg.), Standardizing minority languages (24.-46. or.). London: Routledge.

Wagner, S. (2012). Age grading in sociolinguistic theory. Language and Linguistics Compass, 6(6), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/lnc3.343

Watt, D. (2000). Phonetic parallels between the close-mid vowels of Tyneside English: Are they internally or externally motivated?. Language Variation and Change, 12, 69-101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500121040

Watt, D. (2002). ‘I don’t speak with a Geordie accent, I speak, like, the Northern accent’: contact-induced levelling in the Tyneside vowel system. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6, 44 - 63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00176

Williams, A. & Kerswill, P. (1999). Dialect levelling: change and continuity in Milton Keynes. In P. Foulkes & G. Docherty (arg.), Urban voices: accent studies in the British Isles (141.-162. or.). London: Arnold. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315832470-16

Woods, N. (1997). The formation and development of New Zealand English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 1(1), 95-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00005

Woolard, K. A. (2016). Singular and plural ideologies of linguistic authority in 21st century Catalonia. Oxford: Oxfordeko Unibertsitatea. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190258610.001.0001

Yaeger-Dror, M. (1994). Phonetic evidence for sound change in Quebec French. In P. A. Keating (arg.), Phonological structure and phonetic form: Papers in laboratory phonology III (267.-292. or.). Cambridge: Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511659461.016

Yrizar, P. (1991a). Morfología del verbo guipuzcoano. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.

Yrizar, P. (1991b). Morfología del verbo vizcaíno. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.

Zelaieta, E. (2004). Bortzerrietako euskara, herriz herri (ez)berdintasunetan barrena. FLV, 96, 223-248.

Zuazo, K. (1998). Euskalkiak, gaur. FLV, 78, 191-234.

Zuazo, K. (2008). Euskalkiak, euskararen dialektoak. Donostia: Elkar.

Zuazo, K. (2014). Euskalkiak. Donostia: Elkar.

Zuazo, K. & Goiti, U. (2016). Uribe Kosta, Txorierri eta Mungialdeko euskara. Leioa: UPV/EHU.

Zubillaga, H. & Gaminde, I. (2010). /t/ren palatalizazioa Lekeitioko euskaran. Ikastorratza, 3, 1-9.

Zuloaga, E. (2017). Beheko bokalaren asimilazioaren historiarako: Mendebaldeko lekukotasunak. FLV, 123, 167-199. https://doi.org/10.35462/flv123.6

Zuloaga, E. (2019). Mendebaleko euskararen azterketa dialektologiko-diakronikorantz (doktore-tesia). UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz. https://addi.ehu.es/handle/10810/49846 helbidetik eskuratua.

Publicado
2021-06-30
Cómo citar
García-Palomino, A. (2021). Dialekto-berdintzeari Lezamatik begira: adinaren, generoaren eta hizkuntz jarreren garrantziaz [Mirando a la nivelación dialectal desde Lezama: sobre la importancia de la edad, género y actitudes lingüísticas]. Fontes Linguae Vasconum, (131), 113-145. https://doi.org/10.35462/flv131.5