El vascuence en las puertas de Pamplona (1790)

Abstract

In 1970 the Basque language was spoken by al1 the population of Esquiroz, situated two and a half kilometres to the south of Pamplona. Some of the old knew no other language, and most speakers understood Spanish at least "trivially". The fact that school, even the teaching of the Christian Doctrine, was compulsorily conducted in Spanish must have been an important means of penetration for the exogenous language. The native language was predominant among the population up to the late 19th century.