The category of Number in Basque: I. Synchronic and historical aspects

  • Mikel Martínez Areta UPV/EHU [Spain]
Keywords: category of number, grammatical number, singular, plural, indefinite, Basque

Abstract

This is the first half of an article in which all sectors of Basque morpho -logy with some overt opposition for grammatical number are synchronically and diachronically analyzed. This opposition presents different values across lexical categories: sg. / pl. / indef. on nouns (etxe-a, etxe-ak, etxe), sg. / pl. on demonstratives (hau / hau-ek), indef. on interrogative/relative and indefinite pronouns (zenbait etxe), sg. / pl. on personal pronouns (ni / gu), and sg. / pl. on the personal marks of verbs (na-bil / ga-bil-tza, da-bil / da-bil-tza, da-kar-t /da-kar-gu, da-kar / da-kar-tza, da-kar / da-kar-te...). This half includes two points. In Point 1, the expressions of these categories in modern standard Basque are analyzed. In Point 2, these expressions are discussed dialectally and historically, in order to track their historical evolution as far as it is possible.

##about.statistics##

48
Download data is not yet available.

References

ÁLVAREZ, J. L., 1977, "L'emploi de l'indéfini en souletin", Fontes Linguae Vasconum 25, 29-54.

AZKARATE, M. & ALTUNA, P., 2001, Euskal morfologiaren historia, San Sebastián, Elkarlanean.

AZKUE, R. M., 1969 [1923-25], Morfología vasca, (gramática básica dialectal del euskera), I-III, Bilbao, La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca.

CASTAÑOS GARAY, F., 1979, La formación del plural en la Lengua Vasca, Bilbao, Publicaciones de la Diputación Foral del Señorío de Vizcaya.

ETXEPARE, R., 2003, "Valency and argument structure in the Basque verb", in Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 282-323.

EUSKALTZAINDIA, 1987-2005, Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia (= OEH), Bilbao, Euskaltzaindia.

GAVEL, H., 1920, Éléments de Phonétique Basque, París (= Revista Iinternacional de Estudios Vascos 12).

GAVEL, H., 1929, Grammaire basque, vol. I, Baiona, Courrier.

GÓMEZ, R. & SAINZ, K., 1995, "On the origin of the Finite Forms of the Basque Verb", in Hualde, Lakarra, Trask (eds.), 235-274. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.131.10gom

GORROCHATEGUI, J., 1984, Estudios sobre la onomástica indígena de Aquitania, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco.

GORROCHATEGUI, J., 1995, "The Basque Language and Its Neighbors in Antiquity", in Hualde, Lakarra, Trask (eds.), 31-63. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.131.03gor

HAASE, M., 1992, Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel im Baskenland: Die Einflüsse des Gaskognischen und Französischen auf das Baskische, Hamburg, Helmut Buske Verlag.

HEINE, B. & KUTEVA, T., 2005, Language contact and grammatical change, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614132

HUALDE, J. I., LAKARRA, J. A., TRASK, R. L. (eds.), 1995, Towards a History of the Basque Language, Amsterdam, John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.131

HUALDE, J. I., LAKARRA, J. A., 2003a, "Case and number inflection of noun phrases", in Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 135-147.

HUALDE, J. I., LAKARRA, J. A., 2003b, "Finite forms", in Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 162-195.

HUALDE, J. I., LAKARRA, J. A.& Oyharçabal, B. & Ortiz de Urbina, J., 2003, "Verbs", in Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), 155.

HUALDE, J. I., LAKARRA, J. A.& Ortiz de Urbina, J. (eds.), 2003, A Grammar of Basque, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110895285

IRIGOIEN, A., 1985 [1978a], "Deklinabideaz", in Irigoien, 1985, 737-759.

IRIGOIEN, A., 1987 [1978b], "Erakusleez", in Irigoien, 1987, 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.19871330108

IRIGOIEN, A., 1981, "Haur ola çirola", in Euskaltzaindia (ed.), 365-402.

IRIGOIEN, A., 1987 [1985], "Sobre la no determinación del sistema nominal en lengua vasca", in Irigoien, 1987, 39-57.

IRIGOIEN, A., 1985, De re philologica linguae uasconicae. I, Bilbao, University of Deusto.

IRIGOIEN, A., 1987, De re philologica linguae uasconicae. II, Bilbao, University of Deusto.

ITURRIOZ, J. L., 1985, "La función de -a y de -ta a la luz de la dimensión de individuación", Euskera 30, 175-213.

LAKARRA, J. A., 1995, "Reconstructing the Pre-Proto-Basque Root", in Hualde, Lakarra, Trask (eds.), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.131.08lak

LAKARRA, J. A.(ed.), 1996, Refranes y sentencias. Ikerketak eta Edizioa, Bilbao, Euskaltzaindia.

LAKARRA, J. A., 2006, "Notas sobre iniciales, cambio tipológico y prehistoria del verbo vasco", in Lakarra & Hualde (eds.), 561-621.

LAKARRA, J. A. & Hualde, J. I. (eds.), 2006, Studies in Basque and historical linguistics in memory of R.L. Trask, San Sebastián/Bilbao, Anejos de ASJU-40).

LARRASQUET, J., 1939, Le Basque de la Basse-Soule orientale, Paris, Société de Linguistique de Paris.

MANTEROLA, J., 2006, "-a euskal artikulu definituaren gainean zenbait ohar", in Lakarra & Hualde (eds.), 651-676.

MANTEROLA, J., 2007a, "Euskarazko artikuluak erdi aroko agiri bilduma batean (Basque articles in a middle age document)", in Oihenart 23 (corresponding to Eusko Ikaskuntza (ed.), Proceedings of the II. Congress on Basque-Romance Linguistics, celebrated in October 2007) (draft, in press, available at http://artxiker.ccsd.cnrs.fr/).

MANTEROLA, J., 2007b, "-a morfemaren erabilera (eza) ekialdeko euskaretan (The (non) use of the -a morpheme in Eastern Basque dialects", in Proceedings to the 2nd Conference of the Koldo Mitxelena Chair (celebrated in October 2007) (draft, in press, available at http://artxiker.ccsd.cnrs.fr/).

MANTEROLA, J., 2008a, "Is Basque an agglutinative language? A proposal for the diachrony of nominal morphology", in Proceedings of the Basque Studies Symposium, May 14th, 2008, to be published in TINTA, Research Journal of Hispanic and Lusophone Studies, Deparment of Spanish and Portuguese, UCSB (draft, in press, available at http://artxiker.ccsd.cnrs.fr/).

MANTEROLA, J., 2008b, "-a and bat Basque articles and recent contact theories", in C. Chamoreau & I. Léglise (ed.), Language Contact and Morphosyntactic Variation and Change, Vol. 2. Crosslinguistic tendencies in Contact-induced variation and change, CNRS (draft, in press, available at http://artxiker.ccsd.cnrs.fr/).

MITXELENA, K., 1997 [1953], Apellidos vascos, San Sebastián, Txertoa.

MITXELENA, K., 1988 [1954], "Nota sobre algunos pasajes de los Refranes y Sentencias de 1596", in Mitxelena, 1988, 792-798.

MITXELENA, K., 1977 [1961], Fonética histórica vasca, San Sebastián, Anejos de ASJU-4.

MITXELENA, K., 1990 [1964], Textos arcaicos vascos, San Sebastián, Anejos de ASJU-11.

MITXELENA, K., 1987 [1971], "Toponimia, Léxico y Gramática", in Mitxelena, 1987, 141-167.

MITXELENA, K., 1987 [1978], "Miscelánea filológica vasca. I", in Mitxelena, 1987, 363-385.

MITXELENA, K., 1987 [1981], "Lengua común y dialectos vascos", in Mitxelena, 1987, 35-55.

MITXELENA, K., 1987, Palabras y textos (collection of articles), University of the Basque Country.

MITXELENA, K., 1988, Sobre Historia de la Lengua Vasca, II, San Sebastián, Anejos de ASJU-10.

RIJK, R. P. G. de, 1998 [1972], "Is Basque an S.O.V. language?", in De Rijk, 1998, 13-37.

RIJK, R. P. G. de, 1998 [1981], "Euskal morfologiaren zenbait gorabehera", in De Rijk, 1998, 211-224.

RIJK, R. P. G. de, 1998, De lingua Vasconum: selected writings (Appendix of ASJU-43), Bilbao, University of the Basque Country.

SCHUCHARDT, H., 1968 [1923], Primitiae Linguae Vasconum. Einführung ins Baskische, Tübingen, Max Niemayer Verlag.

TRASK, R. L., 1977, "Historical Syntax and Basque Verbal Morphology: Two Hypotheses", in DOUGLASS, W. A. - ETULAIN, R. W. - JACOBSEN, W. H. (eds.), 203-217.

TRASK, R. L., 1995, "On the History of the Non-Finite Verb Forms in Basque", in Hualde & Lakarra & Trask (eds.), 207-234. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.131.09tra

TRASK, R. L., 1997, The History of Basque, London, Routledge.

URGELL, B., 2006, "Para la historia de la historia del sustantivo verbal en vasco", in Lakarra & Hualde (eds.), 921-948.

YRIZAR, P., 1991, Morfología del verbo auxiliar guipuzcoano (estudio dialectológico). Tomo I, Zarautz, Euskaltzaindia.

YRIZAR, P., 1992, Morfología del verbo auxiliar alto navarro septentrional (estudio dialectológico). Tomo I, Zarautz, Euskaltzaindia.

YRIZAR, P., 1999, Morfología del verbo auxiliar bajo navarro oriental (estudio dialectológico). Tomo I, Zarautz, Euskaltzaindia.

YRIZAR, P., 2002, Morfología del verbo auxiliar suletino (estudio dialectológico), Zarautz, Euskaltzaindia.

Published
2009-06-30
How to Cite
Martínez Areta, M. (2009). The category of Number in Basque: I. Synchronic and historical aspects. Fontes Linguae Vasconum, (110), 63-98. https://doi.org/10.35462/flv110.3